Urinary infections in special patient populations
Urinary tract infections in people with diabetes
Urinary tract infections that occur without any symptoms are more common in people with diabetes. It is therefore important that these patients have regular urine tests to detect possible infections early. The reason for the appearance of the infection lies in the reduced resistance of the organism and the presence of an elevated level of sugar in the urine, which is popularly called “sweet” urine. In this group of patients, the infection often spreads faster and more often from the lower part of the urinary tract to the upper parts.
Urinary infections in elderly people
In the elderly, urinary tract infection is the most common form of infection. There are several factors that contribute to the higher incidence of this infection. These include the presence of mechanical obstructions within the urinary system, such as stones, prostate enlargement, uterine prolapse or hernias. Also, changes in the genital system due to dysfunction of the hormonal system, which can lead to dryness of the mucous membrane of the urogenital system, also play a role. Reduced immunity, inability to urinate adequately (incontinence), poor mobility or being bedridden, poor nutrition, and the presence of other diseases and conditions can also increase the risk of infection.
If microorganisms are found in the urine during the examination, and there are no complaints, it is considered that the infection does not require treatment, but that it is important to take preventive measures and regularly monitor the condition of the urinary system. However, if complaints occur, it is mandatory to visit a doctor and do a laboratory analysis of urine in order to determine adequate therapy.
The most common symptoms of a urinary tract infection
The most common symptoms of a urinary tract infection include:
- Frequent and painful urination
- A burning sensation in the urethra
- Tension in the bladder or lower abdomen
- Urgent calls to urinate
- Difficulty urinating
- Involuntary loss of urine
Urine can also have an unpleasant smell, look cloudy and contain blood. If the infection spreads to the kidneys, additional symptoms such as lower back pain, fever, nausea, malaise, vomiting and fever may occur.
It is important to note that the appearance of blood in the urine, especially if there is no pain, may indicate other diseases of the urinary tract. In such cases, it is recommended to consult a specialist in urology or nephrology in order to make an accurate diagnosis and implement appropriate therapy.
How to prevent urinary infections – prevention
Here are some helpful tips to keep your urinary system healthy:
- Drink enough fluids: It is recommended to drink 1.5 to 2 liters of water daily. Water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and reduces the risk of urinary tract infections. If the color of the urine is pale yellow, it is a sign that you are taking in enough fluids. Don’t forget, every glass of water is like a “THANK YOU” for your kidneys.
- Empty your bladder regularly: Always empty your bladder when you feel the need to urinate, ideally every 3 hours. Retention of urine can cause the bladder to stretch and weaken, reducing its capacity to empty completely, which can increase the risk of infection. Timely emptying of the bladder is essential for maintaining health.
- Choice of soaps and bath products: Avoid using perfumed soaps, baths and bath foams as they can disrupt the balance of good bacteria. It is important that the urinary tract remains healthy and that good bacteria are kept in balance with those that can be dangerous.
- Showering instead of bathing: Instead of lying in the bath, showering is recommended. A warm bath and lying in the tub provide an ideal environment for the development of harmful (pathogenic) bacteria. That is why it is better to choose a shower as a way of maintaining hygiene.
- Cotton underwear and comfortable clothes: Wear underwear made of natural, cotton fabric and wear clothes that are comfortable. Synthetic fibers retain moisture and heat, which can favor the growth of bacteria. Also, you should be careful about the residue of perfumed washing powder or fabric softener on clothes, because this can cause allergic reactions and irritation of sensitive regions, which increases the risk of infections.
- Hygiene: Maintain regular hygiene every time you go to the toilet. It should be noted that most urinary infections are caused by bacteria from the intestinal tract (such as Escherichia coli). Therefore, it is important to pay attention to proper hygiene in order to reduce the risk of transferring bacteria from the rectum to the urinary tract. Regular washing and wiping after going to the toilet are important steps in maintaining hygiene.
It is important to remember that these tips can help maintain the health of the urinary system, but that in case of symptoms or suspicion of a urinary tract infection, you should always consult a specialist in urology or nephrology for diagnosis and prescribed therapy. A healthy urinary tract is key to overall well-being, so take care of your health and follow these simple guidelines.